Uncommon, LLC v. Spigen, Inc.

Uncommon, LLC v. Spigen, Inc., 926 F.3d 409 (2019)

Winning Party

SPIGEN, INC.

Court

Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

Key Issue

Unfair Competition

Case Type

CIVIL

Facts

The Martensen declaration added little to the substantial disclosures already made.

Uncommon filed a lawsuit against Spigen in December 2015, alleging trademark infringement and unfair competition.

Dictionary definitions of 'capsule' include 'a small case, envelope, or covering' and 'any object that can be used to hold things'.

Uncommon did not seek to extend discovery or depose Martensen.

Spigen disclosed a consumer survey conducted by a 'non-testifying expert' to demonstrate that consumers did not associate 'capsule' with Uncommon's cases.

The district court considered the survey, despite Spigen's failure to properly disclose the expert as a testifying expert, and granted summary judgment in favor of Spigen.

Spigen applied to register several trademarks containing the word 'Capsule' between 2014 and 2016, some of which were registered on the Supplemental Register or required a disclaimer of the word 'Capsule'.

The marks are, at most, barely similar.

Many of Uncommon's competitors use the word 'capsule' in their case names.

Spigen timely disclosed Martensen's survey with its underlying data, a summary of Martensen's credentials, and Bania's report, which relied heavily on the survey.

Uncommon's mark is neither inherently nor actually distinctive, and thus, it is a weak mark.

A consumer survey showed that very few customers were familiar with 'capsule' as a brand name or associated it with Uncommon.

Uncommon, LLC began marketing cellphone cases under the name 'CAPSULE' in December 2009 and obtained a trademark registration in May 2013.

Spigen, Inc. began selling cellphone cases under the 'capsule' brand in June 2010, allegedly without knowledge of Uncommon's trademark.

Spigen has used the mark for almost as long as Uncommon has, and Uncommon concedes that Spigen was unaware of Uncommon's trademark before this lawsuit.

The word 'capsule' directly conveys an idea of coverage, storage, and protection.

There is no evidence of actual consumer confusion.

Uncommon knew that Martensen's testimony was on the table, as the disclosure stated he may be called to testify on the methodology of the survey if needed.

There is no evidence that Spigen uses 'capsule' in an effort to pass off its cases as Uncommon's.

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Key Holdings

The district court did not abuse its discretion in excusing Spigen's failure to disclose Martensen as a testifying expert under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(c)(1) because the failure was harmless.

Uncommon's 'capsule' trademark is descriptive and lacks secondary meaning, rendering it invalidly registered.

There is no likelihood of confusion between Uncommon's and Spigen's use of the 'capsule' mark.

Citations

Uncommon, LLC v. Spigen, Inc., 926 F.3d 409 (2019)

Legal Reasoning

The court affirmed the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of Spigen, holding that the district court did not abuse its discretion in considering the Martensen declaration, that Uncommon's 'capsule' trademark is descriptive and lacks secondary meaning, and that there is no likelihood of confusion between Uncommon's and Spigen's use of the mark.

Outcome

The court affirmed the district court's judgment in favor of Spigen.

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